I would spend the time to write this in my usual lovely article style, but I'm too upset to do that right now. To put it bluntly: email and phone numbers suck. They both need to die.
Emails
Security
Email, like many other protocols, was not originally designed with privacy or security in mind. You can get "less bad" email providers such as Proton Mail or Tuta Mail, but those only have basic privacy when contacting other emails using the same provider.
Email is one of many protocols designed in the early days of the internet before privacy and security were considered. Since then, there have been Band-Aid solutions added to email to give it some semblance of security, but it is still fundamentally insecure. It lacks many of the features that modern communication protocols like the Signal Protocol and SimpleX Chat Protocol have.
Aliases
One major flaw with emails is that people commonly use the same email for everything. That not only becomes a unique identifier, but it makes it nearly impossible to fight spam and puts all your accounts at risk if your email is breached.
A solution was created to fix this problem in the form of email aliasing services such as addy.io or SimpleLogin. These services allow you to create a large number of random email addresses that all forward to your real email address. This allows you to avoid using a unique identifier for every website, and block spam by simply disabling the email alias.
Email aliasing is great... when it's accepted. Many services have begun blocking email aliases because aliasing eliminates a unique identifier. People (allegedly) use aliasing to create multiple accounts to abuse free services.
Overuse
Email is required to sign up on almost every website. As mentioned previously, it has many security flaws and email aliasing only partially helps. Websites abuse the fact that emails are supposed to be a unique identifier, so they use it for things like multi-factor authentication or login alerts. Neither of those are what email was designed for, and you only end up putting your account at risk by using it compared to authenticator apps like Aegis Auth or Ente Auth.
Email is also used to sign up for news letters, receive shipping alerts, send sensitive information for jobs and job applications, contacting most businesses, even logging into some computers. All of these pose a risk if you don't use email aliasing or if your email is breached. What upsets me most is seeing open source software requiring email addresses, like GitLab, Codeberg, many Lemmy instances, etc. These shouldn't request anything past a username and a password.
Email overuse has gotten so bad that many disposable email services like Maildrop have been created in order to generate throwaway emails to get past authwall screens. These should never be used for real accounts because anyone can access them and, as I mentioned before, most websites will allow you to login only by verifying your email.
Anonymous Email
Email providers are being hit with mass sign-ups because of how often email is used. Because of this, many email providers block you from signing up if you are connected to a VPN or Tor. This means that in order to create a single email address to do almost anything across the internet, you must give away your IP address to the email provider first, effectively deanonymizing yourself. The internet was supposed to be built to be free, but giving away your personal information to access content doesn't sound very free to me.
Kill Emails
Emails are outdated, overused, and not private. They were never designed to be (ab)used the way they are right now. Even something as simple as setting up Git or GnuPG asks for your email, or signing up for a local event. This needs to stop. Using fake emails doesn't solve the underlying problem.
Phone Numbers
Gratis
If you thought free emails were bad, imagine paying to have your privacy disrespected. A single phone number will cost you a monthly subscription, even if you only need to receive a single text. Prepaid SIM cards are becoming a dying art, especially in the United States. Most mobile phone operators will make you buy and activate an eSIM, which requires an egregious amount of personal information to activate (including email). Most payphones have been abolished too, meaning you can hardly pay by the minute anymore.
Security
Phone numbers don't even pretend to be private or secure. It's sent unencrypted to anyone with a $15 antenna, and intercepted by almost every government in the world. Salt typhoon showed just how abysmal cellular security really is. RCS and iMessage are slight steps up in terms of privacy (providing at least some encryption), but it barely provides any protection.
Phone numbers in this respect are even worse than email. SS7 attacks can trivially intercept communications by anyone without any user interaction. That is an easy way to grab multi-factor authentication codes sent via SMS. Despite all of these known issues, people still insist on using phone numbers for almost everything.
Aliases
While not free, you can use services such as MySudo to create phone number aliases. These aliases are really just real phone numbers, all of which you own. Unfortunately, these phone numbers are VoIP numbers, which many services block.
Overuse
Like emails, phone numbers are used in a lot of applications. Because they cost money, they are a better unique identifier than emails, since people are less likely to own multiple. Phone numbers may be required to create accounts, apply for jobs, do almost anything government related, and much more. All of this is done unencrypted and intercepted.
My favorite: in many places, you have to use a phone to contact non-emergency services. The homeless and other people who can't afford phone numbers are unable to report crimes since there are no pay phones. Even visiting the police station in person will get you turned away and told that you must call (speaking from experience) no matter how much you try to convince them.
Thankfully, many times when a phone number is asked for you can put in a fake phone number without risk. For many applications, throwaway number services will also work. Applying for jobs, a lot of the time you will be asked for your phone number. If you simply inform them that you do not have a phone number, most will accept that or (at worst) give you a funny look. I would prefer email when applying for jobs anyways since you aren't sprung with a sudden call.
Anonymous Phone Numbers
The only way to get an anonymous phone number (without risking buying second hand) is to buy a burner phone with cash, a prepaid (e)SIM, and use as much fake information as possible (even the area code). This will easily run you $45+, and requires a subscription to keep using it. Beware that the phone you use it with may disrespect your privacy in other ways.
Kill Phone Numbers
Phone numbers are one of the least private and least secure methods of communication. It is under active mass surveillance, and costs way too much money. It's good to see younger generations moving away from phone numbers towards third party services (no matter how bad they are), because that means that there is hope of killing phone numbers once and for all.
Kill Both
Anyone can create an email. Anyone can buy a phone number. It should not be used as a unique identifier, and certainly should not be used for authentication purposes. We need to stop overusing insecure, nonprivate communications, and start normalizing using Signal usernames or SimpleX Chat addresses for general use. Currently, if you stick only those on your resume for your contact information, you will most likely not receive a message back. That needs to stop. Phone numbers and emails can get leaked and cause endless spam/scams compared to other forms of communication. There is no reason to keep using either option when so many better options are available.
Try to create a full software stack without using services that request your email or phone number, and you will begin to see just how bad the problem has gotten. Some services like Mullvad VPN and KYCnot.me have begun requiring no personal information at all to create an account, not even a password. They randomly generate account numbers to be used to login. I want to see more of that instead of...
spoiler
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