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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Linux, in general, is excellent for privacy. Period. Like, it literally can't get better than no telemetry.
Regarding Ubuntu, it has had some controversies:
I'd argue that the above just makes it hard(er) to trust them.
Consider taking a look at Privacy Guides' recommendations.
afaik, it's strictly opt-in. further reading: https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/ubuntu-insights-how-telemetry-is-changing-on-ubuntu-desktop/73442
although they'll still see web traffic from your system if you hit their mirrors for updates and package installs--as would be the case anywhere online.
I think pretty much any of the mainstream distros can be trusted as long as you make sure to check for any “opt-in” voluntary things that many people choose to allow. It’s good to help the developers do a better job ongoing to keep the distros as good as they can be. So if you have a reason to not want any of it, just check the options to make sure you know they’re shut off.
There are probably some distros which explicitly make a point to have absolutely no data sent, but you need to take into consideration what the best distro is for your needs irrespective of this one factor, since none are going to do this behind your back to the magnitude of Windoze or ChromeOS.