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I used to watch this video two years ago, and a few other horse history video on that channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMHqp0M0T4Q
It's a more approachable video for general audience so it may not be super scientific. But they included the source/papers in the description from proper academics.
Wild horses were originally not fit for riding. It is found that their bones would not be able to support to be ridden. But at the time, horses also started interacting with human & being domesticated as food & material sources.
But human do realize the power horses have. Human started developing chariots to be pulled by horses. The chariot technology spread around the north eurasian steppe to south in the south-west asia & egypt. But I cannot definitively say if the chariot techbology in egypt or persia came from north or it's developed locally. I haven't exactly find out about the relationship of both region when it comes to chariot technology.
During few thousand years later horses also slowly evolved physicaly to be able to be ridden. And so in later bronze age, nomadic steppe people emerges such as the Saka/Scythians, Xiongnu, etc.
My personal searching two years ago was definitely very focused on central asia/eurasian steppe region. So I cannot say much about the same stuff happening in south-west asia despite I know there are a lot going on in that area at the same time. But then after writing this and re-read the question, this doesn't exactly answer why horses allow human to ride them ๐คฃ๐คฃ I only say about how human changed horse.
Horse evolution is an overlooked aspect that we ignore often. Think of them like dogs: today, there are several different breeds of varying sizes, some burlier, some sleeker. In the early stages of domestication, this variety wasn't there, but with time and lots of selective (cross)breeding, we got to where we are today.
Belgian Drafts tend to be big, and this one was the absolute unit
Yeah... there's a difference between the kind of horse you bred to work in a team and pull a cart or carriage or train of them...
... and the kind of horse that's a one rider endurance runner vs sprinter...
... and the kind of horse that you would gird with steel armor and sit a steel armored man on them, and then charge them directly into melee combat as heavy shock cavalry.
That glorious equine appears to be about average sized for a Clydesdale. Never heard of the Belgian Draft breed before.
That neck. Wow.
It's a work of fiction, but I highly recommend Last of the Amazons by Stephen Pressfield. He does fantastic, heavily researched historical fictions with an abundance of resources at the end to reaearch the history he bases his plots off of.
It's basically about Eurasian tribes who had horses central to their religious mythos and how they dealt with the Greeks. It's fantastic.
Thank you for the recommendation! That does sound familiar. The Scythian is the people the Greeks called to what Persian people call Saka.