How do you handle apps that refuse to run on rooted/jailbroken phones or on devices without Google Play Services? Can microG, Xposed, or other tools help in practice? (F*ck Play Integrity and “Google Play license check”). Can I bypass those restrictions without rooting?

The best thing you can do is leave feedback so that the developers fix it themselves. Rooting is not advised for security reasons.

Have you ever rooted your phone? Any practical advice for someone considering it? I don’t have a phone I know is compatible with alternative ROMs (e.g., LineageOS), so I’m leaning toward rooting and would appreciate recommendations or warnings.

No. I was fortunate enough to be able to flash GrapheneOS on a Google Pixel. You should know that you can debloat stock using something like Universal Android Debloater Next Generation. That provides more privacy without compromise to much of the security. Rooting gives you full control but is a major security regression because you have full control.

How often do you need to show ID where you live (hospitals, government offices, large transactions, etc.)? For example, in my country I always have to show ID (or use face ID) at places like hospitals or when making large transactions.

I've opted out of most institutions in the United States, but the most frequent times I show my ID are for employment, cashing paychecks, and any government-related things (e.g. obtaining a driver's license, opening a post office box, etc.)

How is eID implemented in your country? Does your government require or strongly encourage using eID apps? Are they widely adopted? (I know the EU’s planned age‑verification app is a form of eID—or not really. Real examples are Germany’s AusweisApp and Vietnam’s VNeID. Anyway, that age‑verification law should not exist).

eID hasn't been widely adopted here, at least not yet.