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I would strongly encourage continuing to use tailscale or another VPN. The more you expose to the Internet, the more opportunities you present to an attacker. If you family also uses the VPN client, they can access the systems in the same way.
Plenty of learning material out there on DNS. But no, you don't have to pay extra for subdomains. You can put the records up on cloudflare or host them internally. Generally it's considered bad practice to put local records in public DNS, but it doesn't actually matter that much.
You can set up a reverse proxy to route traffic to each service based on the domain name used. Most people use caddy, some use traefik, and some use nginx proxy manager.
This. Do not expose any service to the internet or even LAN. All clients need to connect via VPN to your machine, no matter if from LAN/home or on the road (WAN/Internet). You can still use a reverse proxy and custom domain names so inside the VPN network everything is HTTPS and each service has a nice domain name.
How can I force https on my apps
You need something like Traefik which does https for the services.