Got a warning for my blog going over 100GB in bandwidth this month... which sounded incredibly unusual. My blog is text and a couple images and I haven't posted anything to it in ages... like how would that even be possible?
Turns out it's possible when you have crawlers going apeshit on your server. Am I even reading this right? 12,181 with 181 zeros at the end for 'Unknown robot'? This is actually bonkers.
Edit: As Thunraz points out below, there's a footnote that reads "Numbers after + are successful hits on 'robots.txt' files" and not scientific notation.
Edit 2: After doing more digging, the culprit is a post where I shared a few wallpapers for download. The bots have been downloading these wallpapers over and over, using 100GB of bandwidth usage in the first 12 days of November. That's when my account was suspended for exceeding bandwidth (it's an artificial limit I put on there awhile back and forgot about...) that's also why the 'last visit' for all the bots is November 12th.
I don't think the author understands the point of Anubis. The point isn't to block bots completely from your site, bots can still get in. The point is to put up a problem at the door to the site. This problem, as the author states, is relatively trivial for the average device to solve, it's meant to be solved by a phone or any consumer device.
The actual protection mechanism is scale, the scale of this solving solution is costly. Bot farms aren't one single host or machine, they're thousands, tens of thousands of VMs running in clusters constantly trying to scrape sites. So to them, a calculating something that trivial is simple once, very very costly at scale. Say calculating the hash once takes about 5 seconds. Easy for a phone. Let's say that's 1000 scrapes of your site, that's now 5000 seconds to scrape, roughly an hour and a half. Now we're talking about real dollars and cents lost. Scraping does have a cost, and having worked at a company that does professionally scrape content they know this. Most companies will back off after trying to load a page that takes too long, or is too intensive - and that is why we see the dropoff in bot attacks. It's that it's not worth it for them to scrape the site anymore.
So for Anubis they're "judging your value" by saying "Are you willing to put your money where your mouth is to access this site?" For consumer it's a fraction of a fraction of a penny in electricity spent for that one page load, barely noticeable. For large bot farms it's real dollars wasted on my little lemmy instance/blog, and thankfully they've stopped caring.
The author demonstrated that the challenge can be solved in 17ms however, and that is only necessary once every 7 days per site. They need less than a second of compute time, per site, to be able to send unlimited requests 365 days a year.
The deterrent might work temporarily until the challenge pattern is recognised, but there's no actual protection here, just obscurity. The downside is real however for the user on an old phone that must wait 30 seconds, or like the blogger, a user of a text browser not running JavaScript. The very need to support an old phone is what defeats this approach based on compute power, as it's always a trivial amount for the data center.
That's counting on one machine using the same cookie session continuously, or they code up a way to share the tokens across machines. That's now how the bot farms work
It will obviously depend heavily on the type of bot crawling, but that is not hard coordination for harvesting data for LLM's, as they will already have strategies to prevent nodes all crawling the same thing - a simple valkey cache can store a solved JWT.
but the vast majority of crawlers don't care to do that. That's a very specific implementation for this one problem. I actually did work at a big scraping farm, and if they encounter something like this,they just give up. It's not worth it to them. That's where the "worthiness" check is, you didn't bother to do anything to gain access.
Please tell me how you're gonna un-obscure a proof-of-work challenge requiring calculation of hashes.
And since the challenge is adjustable, you can make it take as long as you want.
You just solve it as per the blog post, because it's trivial to solve, as your browser is literally doing so in a slow language on a potentially slow CPU. It's only solving 5 digits of the hash by default.
If a phone running JavaScript in the browser has to be able to solve it you can't just crank up the complexity. Real humans will only wait tens of seconds, if that, before giving up.
This here is the implementation of sha256 in the slow language JavaScript:
You imagined that JS had to have that done from scratch, with sticks and mud? Every OS has cryptographic facilities, and every major browser supplies an API to that.
As for using it to filter out bots, Anubis does in fact get it a bit wrong. You have to incur this cost at every webpage hit, not once a week. So you can't just put Anubis in front of the site, you need to have the JS on every page, and if the challenge is not solved until the next hit, then you pop up the full page saying ‘nuh-uh’, and probably make the browser do a harder challenge and also check a bunch of heuristics like go-away does.
It's still debatable whether it will stop bots who would just have to crank sha256 24/7 in between page downloads, but it does add cost that bot owners have to eat.