UN votes are largely symbolic, they have no actual policy function in almost all cases - member states must create and ratify separate treaties for that.
Removing the veto just leads to the veto-holders even more flagrantly undermining the UN's authority.
Liberal Democratic Party is the name of the party, they are conservative in Japanese politics.
'liberal' in general political discourse doesn't mean 'left-wing trending towards communist' as it is used in American communication, it is simply the historical opposing view to absolutism (e.g. Absolute monarchy). Liberal thought centers around individual freedoms; modern-day conservatives advocate for permissive individual freedoms by limiting government's role in as many facets of life as possible (in theory, real parties and platforms have little to do with their marketing). Modern-day liberals advocate for positively identfying and enforcing freedoms through law. Illiberal thought is common in the west, and advocates for limiting individual freedoms for one reason or another - Germany's prohibitions against Nazi speech, and the US's restrictions on recreational drugs are examples of illiberal policies.
To put some math around CO2 usage:
The entire structure of plants is built primarily from CO2. A tomato plant and fruit grows from seeding to maturity in about 60 days, and will yield about a kilogram of dry plant mass.
That mass will be about 20% carbon, meaning each plant would need to uptake a net 3.3 grams of carbon - 12.3 grams of CO2 per day. A person exhales around 1Kg of CO2 per day, or about as much as would be needed to supply 81 tomato plants.