It's even worse when some idiot dev decides what an email should look like and doesn't properly implement RFC822 (or whichever one specifies all the random bits of a valid email address).
The current recommendation is to check for an @ symbol. It's pretty much the only concrete rule.
If an email address has to exist, the only way is to send it an email and have the user click a link.
https://beesbuzz.biz/code/439-Falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-email
It is. It's called Compulsory Licensing.
There is also an FDA Shortage list (most countries have a similar list).
A drug on that list gives the government additional powers to allow companies to work around the parents.
I think this is why there has been so many "off-brand" weight loss drugs recently. Novo Nordisk had supply chain issues with semaglutide, triggering governments to allow other manufacturers