Selfhosted
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Yea I didn't think the post was that professional. Also the "unminified" version is just the minified with more white space. It still has poor names and no explanation of the binary blob.
Looking at the binary blob, it's a payload to assume privileges as possible and exec sh. So replace su with that and the binary gets to use su's filesystem privileges without needing access to actually write it.
The vulnerability part is when the door opens to replace any file's read cache with arbitrary content. The binary payload is just an obvious example of the sort of payload that could do a ton of damage.
tbh they could have boasted even less bytes by just having everything in a zlib.decompress()