Are heat-pumps used in a lot in the EU?
I will say I am pretty AC pilled, but if the it takes off in Europe more I hope they go the route option of last resort and do everything else first. Unfortunately in the US when was introduced it was seen as a sign of wealth to have central air AC be THE only method of cooling the home we have a ton of places not built for anything else.
No planned shade trees, no air flow routes from outside air, no fans or ceiling fans that too decorative to be effective, no misting systems, etc
At least more efficient windows are taking off.
Worse yet, many apartments here has the tenets pay electric bills so the incentive to have been efficient from the landlords is next to nothing.